Space objects: Stars. Their sizes, density.

Let's consider on a simple example as it is possible to compare the sizes of stars of identical temperature, for example the Sun and Chapels. These stars have identical spectra, color and temperature, about luminosity of the Chapel in 120 times exceeds luminosity of the Sun.

As at identical temperature brightness of unit of a surface of stars too is identical, that, means, the surface of the Chapel is more, than the Sun in 120 times, and diameter and radius of it more solar in a root square of 120, that 11 times are approximately equal. To define the sizes of other stars the knowledge of laws of radiation allows. Results of such calculations have completely proved to be true, when began possible to measure angular diameter of stars by means of the optical device of a star interferometer.

Stars of very big luminosity refer to as supergiants. Red supergiants refer to such and in the sizes. Betelgeise and Antares in hundreds times more the Sun on diameter. Cephea farther from us is so great, that in it the Solar system with orbits of planets up to an orbit of the Jove inclusive would be placed!!!

Meanwhile weights of supergiants more solar only at 30-40 time. In result even the average density of supergiants in thousand times is less the density of room air. At identical luminosity the sizes of stars the it is less, than these stars hot.

The smallest among usual stars are red dwarfs. Their weights and radiuses - the tenth shares solar, and average density in 10-100 times are higher than density of water. Even less red white dwarfs - but it is already unusual stars. At close to us and bright Sirius (having radius twice more solar) there is a satellite addressing around of it with the period of 50 years. For this double star distance, an orbit and weights are well-known. Both stars white, almost equally hot. Hence, surfaces of the identical area radiate at these stars identical in energy, but on luminosity the satellite in 10000 times is weaker, than Sirius. Means, its radius is less in 100 times, i.e. it almost same, as the Earth. Meanwhile weight at it almost same, as well as at the Sun. Hence, the white dwarf has huge density about 1059 kg / m.

Existence of gas of such density has been explained thus: usually the limit of density puts the size of the atoms being systems, consisting of a nucleus and an electronic environment. At very high temperature in bowels of stars and at full ionization of atoms of their nucleus and electrons become independent from each other. At enormous pressure of overlying layers this clot of particles can be compressed much more strongly, than neutral gas. The opportunity of existence is theoretically supposed under some conditions of stars with the density equal to density of nuclear nucleus. By the example of white dwarfs we see as astrophysical researches expand representation about a structure of substance; while such conditions in laboratory to create it is impossible. Therefore astronomical supervision help development of the major physical representations.